Tennessee Gov. Bill Lee is considering allowing freeway toll lanes and tripling tolls for electric vehicle owners as he targets his first big push after winning re-election — paying tens of billions of dollars in road projects.
The Republican insists on what he will not do: raise the gas tax. add full toll roads; Or issuing debt instead of the pay-as-you-go method of financing.
Timing, Lee says, is critical to quickly shifting onto the roads. With Tennessee’s rapid growth and truck traffic, state transportation officials say $26 billion in projects are needed to address worsening congestion, only $3.6 billion of which is planned under A big criticism on the roads by my predecessor. Officials also say the projects are taking so long — 15 years on average — that they are over budget by 40%.
Like other states, current funding of roads in Tennessee through gas taxes is looking less reliable as more people switch to fuel-efficient cars and electric vehicles. Tennessee has also become a center for electric vehicle production, highlighted by Ford’s upcoming massive electric vehicle project with a partner company’s battery plant.
Lee will need Republican representatives on board to get much of what he wants. This includes opening the way for private companies to bid to build new highway lanes and charging tolls for profit. Lawmakers will also need to agree to increase the annual fee for owning an electric vehicle from $100 to $300.
Transportation Commissioner Butch Ely has stated that any rapid transit toll lanes will be newly built, and will not convert existing carpool lanes into toll lanes. Across the country, five states have rapid transit lanes, 10 states have shared car lanes that allow others to join at a price, and some have both, according to a February 2021 report from the Federal Highway Administration.
Driver eligibility and pricing policy can be controlled by the state, which can go down or up based on current crowding, while charging only those who want a faster ride. A private company designs, builds, finances, operates and maintains the trails.
“There is nothing, I think, more equitable than paying people for what they use,” Eli told reporters Thursday.
The $300 electric car fee may be the most expensive in the country. As of July, 31 states had similar annual fees, ranging from $50 in Colorado to $225 in Washington, according to the National Conference of State Legislatures. Eli says the increase better reflects what electric vehicle drivers will pay in federal and state gas taxes.
However, Lee said officials may or may not settle for $300.
“We want to make sure that there are fair fees for everyone,” Lee told reporters. “We’ll find out what that number is and move on.”
Vehicle taxes are mixed state by state. Some charge property taxes and annual inspection fees, for example. Tennessee has phased out the last required vehicle test and does not tax personal property.
Democratic Senate Minority Leader Jeff Yarbrough said he will wait for Lee’s strategy details, hoping to hear about everything from roadworks to mass transit.
“I look forward to learning more and speaking to the governor because there has been a lot of focus on highways in the state,” said the Nashville Rep. “But the country needs a transportation strategy, not just a highway plan.”
Lee’s sweeping road push, which also calls for pay increases for transit workers and other expansions in public-private partnerships, comes after former Republican Gov. Bill Hasan struck a deal during a drawn-out battle over his 2017 plan. $0.20 to $0.26 per gallon over three years and raised the diesel rate as well, among other changes that partially lowered separate taxes.
My boost comes after the passing of President Joe Biden Infrastructure law. However, the governor’s transportation team said Tennessee’s five-year building plan was up about $1.7 billion under the law, saying that’s not a significant influx of funding.
Meanwhile, railroad expansion is not part of Lee’s immediate plans. The concept has been hotly debated in Nashville, where a light-rail ballot failed in 2018, toppled by opposition to tax increases and fears that it might accelerate gentrification that drove some low-income people out of their communities. Ely said the state will continue to look at railroad possibilities in the future.
In the GOP-led legislature, House Speaker Cameron Sexton and Senate Speaker Randy McNally said they are taking a deep dive into how to fund transportation infrastructure.
They will have plenty of work to do when lawmakers return for their annual legislative session in January. For example, Sexton mentioned railways as a topic that needs to be discussed.
“We have to have honest discussions about the infrastructure in our state to solve the problem of traffic congestion,” Sexton said. “This should include expanding rail access, shortening the decades-long timetable for road construction, and also looking at fast lanes on our highways in very congested areas.”
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Nashville-based Kimberly Crossi contributed to this report.